BTEC LEVEL 5

Definition The rules on how data goes inside the cables and also on how the data goes outside of the cables. Types CSMA Token Passing CSMA It stands for Carrier - Sense Multiple Access. Types Carrier - Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection Carrier - Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance CSMA/CD Each computer on the network including clients and servers, it checks the cable for network traffic. This means the devices have to listen the cable where you must send one by one to avoid collision. If collision occur, the message will be sent. Therefore, if there's a sound, cannot send message and if there's no sound, can freely send message. CSMA/CA Each computer have to queue to avoid collision. Token Passing Token is passed around the ring from node to node. It will turn around on the ring until someone want to sends a message to the receiver. When the message is received to the receiver, it will turn around again.

OSI  It stands for Open System Interconnection Purpose It is used to describe on how the data flows from one computer to another computer by network communications. Diagram Application - It provides diagram. Presentation -   It is used to handle encryption. Session - It is used to maintain the communications. Transport  - It is used to manage the packet delivery. Network  - It finds the path to the IP address. Data Link  - It provides physical device. (Segment) Physical  - It is used to connect between the two network devices. (Transfer data to and from the cable using binary bits) TCP/IP It stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. Purpose It is used to connect 2 or more computers to exchange the communication between the sender and the receiver. Diagram Application - It covers session, presentation and application of the OSI model. Transport  - It covers transport of the OSI model. Internet ...

What is network? Network topology is the arrangement of a network. Point-to-Point Topology Description Point-to-point topology are two devices directly connected to each other. Diagram Advantages Directly connected to each other so it is faster when sending messages. It is easy to set up the network. Disadvantages Only 2 host can connect to each other. Cannot send messages when one PC is broken. Bus Topology Description The devices are connected in one cable only. Diagram Advantages It is not expensive. It is easier to add another devices. Disadvantages If 1 device is broken in the cable, the other devices cannot send messages. There will be traffic if many hosts sent at a time. Star Topology Description One network device are connected to many hosts. Diagram Advantages There is no traffic. If 1 PC is not functioning, the others are not affected. Disadvantages It is expensive because network device a...

MPLS Describe MPLS is stands for Multiprotocol label switching which is a mechanism used inside the computer network infrastructures to speed up the time it takes a data packet to flow from a node to another. Diagram How it works In MPLS , packets are directed through the network based on an assigned label with original IP routing in a packet- switched network, each data packet could determine its own path through the network. Examples Traffic engineering network management ATM Description ATM is a technique for packet switching that is used by telecommunication networks which they used asynchronous time-division multiplexing to encode data into small fixed sized cells. It is known as Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Diagram How it works The sender and receiver on a network creates a fixed channel between each other before sending the data and then the information will be sent in order. Example It is used in the campus backbone. References Tech...

PAN  Description Personal Area Network (PAN) is the connection of computer technology devices within the range of one person. Diagram How it works? It can be connected using USB ports or wireless technology. Example It is work by one computer and other computers within the range of one person. LAN Description Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that it connects to one building. Diagram How it works? It works by using one network connected to one or more computer. Example In a building such as banks and college. MAN Description Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that connects the user with computer resources in a geographic area that is larger than LAN and smaller that WAN. Diagram How it works? It works by using one network in a building and connected to one or more buildings. Example In a city or large universities. WAN Description Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that connects through lar...